Ozone generator



J. M. DAILY OZONE GENERATOR July 17, 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 1, 1947 Ill-Ill.

(1 5:? h N M,

:QN mN ON M. mm m mm I m C u .4 M Y a 5 Attorney J. M. DAILY OZONE GENERATOR July 17, 1951 Filed Aug. 1, 1947 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I NVENTOR DAI LY JAMES I I Ill/l/l 1/ Ir ATTORNEY Patented July 17, 1951 UNIT STARS OZONE GENERATOR James Marlowe Daily, Portland, Oreg. Application August 1, 1947, Serial No. 765,557

11 Claims. 1

The present invention relates to ozone generators and, while not necessarily limited thereto, it is particularly suitable for use in generation of ozone in large quantities for employment, for example, in the treatment of water supply or sewage.

It is well known that city water supply or sewage effiuent may be satisfactorily sterilized by means of ozone, or ozonated air. In the case of purification of water supply, the ozone process has many advantages over other known methods of water treatment such as more effective sterilization without imparting an undesirable taste and, in many instances, even improving the taste qualities of the water. Wide adoption of ozone treatment processes heretofore has been handicapped by the lack of efficient ozone generating equipment, and it is a general purpose of the present invention to provide a new and improved ozone generator whereby large volumes of liquid,

either water supply or sewage eifiuent, may be practicably and economically sterilized.

For generating ozone in large quantities, it is desirable for several reasons to construct the generators in the form of relatively small units which might be connected or disconnected in accordance with variations in demand. By automatic controlequipment, the number of generator units connected in service may be controlled automatically and each unit of the entire installation thus operated with maximum efiiciency. The maintenance costs of such an installation are held at a minimum since the smaller units may be serviced readily in the event of a breakdown without requiring a shutdown of the entire plant. It is an object of the present invention, therefore, to provide a new and improved ozone generator unit which is of relatively simple, sturdy design and of low cost manufacture.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an ozone generator which is characterized by a new and improved arrangement for efiecting cooling of the electrode plates.

A further object is to provide a new and improved electrode mounting arrangement for an ozone generator.

Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved dielectric sheathing arrangement for the electrodes of an ozone generator.

A further object of the invention is to provide a new and improved air distribution arrangement for an ozone generator apparatus.

These and other objects of the invention will become more apparent as the description proceeds, taken in connection with the accompany- 7 erator comprises a housing, preferably rectangu-- lar in shape, including a top wall 8, a bottom wall 9, a rear Wall ill, a front wall If, and opposite side walls I? and i3. electrodes are mounted within the casin and extend toward each other in an interleaved, or overlapping, relation with regard to each other. In order to reduce the energy requirements to a minimum when a difference of potential is applied'across the electrode sets, the adjacent overlapping areas of the electrodes are covered with a suitable dielectric whereby the electrodes may be spaced closely together while at the same time the flashover level is kept at a sufficiently high value. 1

The two sets of electrodes 20 and 2| are shown as consisting of rectangular plates and are supported within the casing by means of the transversely extending walls 22 and 23. The electrode plates may be of any suitable ozone resistant metal, and one which also ha good heat conducting properties, such as aluminum. According to the modification illustrated, the set of electrodes 20 are all connected together as indicated at 25 and connected by lead 26 to the high voltage terminal 21 mounted within the bushing 28 while the second set of electrode plates 2| connected together are in this instance shown grounded to the casing as at 29. At least the upper set of electrodes 20, or those connected to the high voltage terminal, must be supported.

in an electrically insulated relation with regard to the second set of electrodes and to the casing. As shown, the electrode plates 29 extend through the wall 22 and which in this instance is of a molded plastic material such as concrete. electrode plates may be cast directly into the concrete slab as it i formed. The wall 22 is sealed around its edges in a fluidtight manner to the casing and is secured in place by means of bolts- 3! extending through cooperative holes in the casing and. threaded into nuts embedded in the concrete.

A pair of sets of The The upper surface of the concrete. slab is coated with a suitable number of layers:

of a sealing compound or paint and particularly adjacent the electrode surfaces.

While the electrode plates 2| are shown supported in a wall 23 similar to the wall 22 as previously described, it is to be understood that it is not essential that this wall 23 be made of insulating material inasmuch as the plates 2| are grounded in this instance. If the two sets of electrodes are to be connected to two transformer terminals, in which case the midpoint of the secondary may be grounded, then the casing may be grounded and the plates 2| connected to the second transformer terminal through a bushing similar to bushing 28. In such instance, of course, it would be necessary for the electrode plates 2| to be insulated from the casing and which may be accomplished by making the wall 23 of insulating material the same as the wall 22 as shown.

The walls 22 and 23, it will be noted, divide the interior of the casing into opposite upper and lowerendcompartments 33 and 34 and an intermediate compartment 35. As will be described more fully hereinafter, the end compartments 33.and 34 are cooling chambers for the sets of electrodes the ends of which project therein while the compartment 35 is the ozone generating compartment.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 3, attention is directed to the. fact that the inner ends of the electrodeplates terminate within the ozone generating compartment a considerable distance from .the adjacent wall within which the other electrode plates are mounted. That portion of each of the electrode plates extending within the ozone generating compartment 35 is substantially inclosed within an insulating sheath of high. dielectric strength in order to provide long creepage paths between electrodes of differing potentials. made of two sheets of glass with a spacer therebetween at the free edge of the inclosed electrode plate. Considering first the sheath structures surrounding the high potential electrodes 20,

these comprise two sheets of glass 31 and 38 which are spaced apart by an insulating strip 39 having a; thickness only very slightly greater than the thickness of theinclosed electrode plate 20. The

spacerv strip 39 is suitably bonded to the adjacent'surfaces of the glass sheets 31 and 38 and it will be observed that the spacer 39 is somewhat narrowerzin width than the distance between the lower edge of the electrode plate 2 and the lowermost edges of the glass plates 31 and 38 so as toiform av channel between outer edge portions of ..thetglass plates and into which may be poured a suitable sealing compound as indicated at 4| as-a precautionary measure in the event of an imperfection in the bond between the adjacent surfaces of the spacer39 and the glass sheets 31 and 38. The sheath units comprising the pairs of glass sheets 31 and.38 are supported at their lower edge upon a strip 42 of insulating material. The upper edges of the glass plates 31 and 38 extend into cooperating grooves 43 provided within the lower surface of the upper insulating wall 22 closely adjacent each of the opposite sides of the electrode plates 20. The grooves. 43 are slightly wider than the thickness of the glass plates in order that the glass plates may be slid easily into position without frictional binding while, at the same time, they retain the upper portions of the glass plates relatively closely-adjacent the electrode plate extending therebetween. Referring to Fig. 1, it willbe observed These sheaths may conveniently be that the glass plate 31, and hence also plate 38, extend considerably beyond each of the opposite sides of the electrode plates in order to correspondingly increase the creepage paths between the electrodes of differing potentials at the opposite ends of the ozone generating compartment.

The dielectric sheaths for the grounded electrode plates 2| are constructed similar to the sheaths for the electrode plates and comprise pairs of glass plates 45 and 4t spaced apart and bonded together at theirupper ends by a spacer 41 and with a quantity of sealing compound 48 provided between the outermost edge portions of the plates 45 and 46 adjacent the spacer 41 in a manner similar to that previously described.

The sheaths comprising the glass plates 45 and 48 are supported at their lower edge within grooves 50 provided adjacent each of the opposite sides-of the electrode plates 2| in the bottom insulating wall 23. Elongated filler members 5|, suitably secured to the upper wall 22, substantially fill the space above the sheathed electrode plates 2| for reasons as will subsequently be pointed out. The glass plates 45 and 4:; are the same width as the glass plates 31 and 38 previously described and as shown in Fig. 1. In order to position the upper edge portions of the sheath units for the grounded electrode plates, suitable spacer members 52 are provided between the sheath units for the grounded electrodes. and the adjacent surface of the sheath unit for the high potential electrodes. The spacer members EZ-may be formed of any suitable material such as, for example, a plurality of layers of fiber glass tape wound spirally upon an elongated rigid plastic supporting strip. Spacer members 53 similar to the spacer members 52 are also provided between the adjacent sheath units in the lower region of the ozone generating compartment.

Air which is to be ozomzed is forced under pressure through the inlet which may be,

such as plastic sheet, and is provided with a.

plurality of relatively'srnall openings 54 there-'- through permitting passage of air therethrough from thespace 62 into the space between adjacent dielectric sheath units.

Since the air within the chamber 82 is under asl'ight pressure, flow of air through each of the openings 64 of the bafiie plate 53 is assured and which airflow is properly diii'used throughout the effective cross-sectional area of the spaces 65 between theopposed sheathed electrode units. It isto be understood, of course, that corona will be produced on the surfaces of the sheath units only over the areas of overlap of the electrode plates and, hence, it is desirable for maximumefficiency to restrict the air flow through the ozone generating compartment to the region of corona discharge. It will be observed; that the spacer members 52 and filler strips Eiisubstantially close the space between the sheath units above the upper edges of the grounded electrodeplates while the spacer members 53 and strips 42- substantially close the space between the sheath units below the lower edges of the electrode plate units 20. The baffle plate 53- extending across the rear end of the compartment 5. 35 from one.side wall to the other is provided with openings 64 communicating only with the passages 65 between the adjacent electrode units. The airiis therefore caused to flow at substantially...-uniform rates between the adjacent sheath .ofelectrodes of differing potentials and through; the zones ofv corona discharge. .The air under the action of. the corona discharge is broken-down. with the formation of nascent oxygen and which is then carried along with the air flow. lengthwise of the ozone generating compartment and through the outlet 69.

During the operation of the ozone generator unit considerable heat will be generated within the electrode plates and an important feature of the. present invention resides in the arrangementaiwhereby the electrode plates are cooled. It will be observed that the lower end portion ofthe 'electrode plates 2| extend through the wall 12.3 into the lower compartment 34 and that the upper end portions of the electrode plates zfl 'pizoject into the upper compartment 33. A suitable. cooling medium. may be circulated through both of these compartments for effecting cooling of the electrode portions extending therewithin. In this particular instance since the se'tibf electrode plates 2| are grounded, water may be used as the cooling medium in the lower compartment 34. A source of water may be connected to the inlet pipe I which extends into the casing transversely thereof at the rear side of the electrode plates 2| and which is prov'ided"'- with openings 1| through which water may-flow into the compartment 34. Water may be discharged from the lower compartment 34 by any gsuitable connection such as the outlet 12 extending into the compartment 34 adjacent the: forward end of the casing.

Sincethe electrode plates 20 connected to high potential are insulated from ground, an insulatingf' cooling medium should be used within the upper cooling compartment 33. A suitable heat exchanger 14 is provided within the forward end of the upper compartment 33 and through which some suitable cooling medium such as water may be circulated. As illustrated, the outlet 12 from the lower compartment 34 isvcoupled by the pipe connection 15 to the inlet for the heat exchange coil '14,. the coil discharging through the. outlet I6.

The casing is provided with a door 11 at its forward end, the door being further provided with windows 78 through which windows the operation of the generator may be observed by virtue of the luminescence of the corona discharge. .In the event of failure of one of the sheaths surrounding one of the electrode plates within the ozone generating compartment and the occurrence of an arc-over short circuiting a pair of the electrode units, the location of the arc may be noted, the apparatus disconnected from service and the defective sheath replaced with a minimum loss of time. As a precautionary measure, a relay switch unit illustrated by dotted lines 80 in Figs. 1 and 2 may be mounted upon the forward wall of the casing adjacent the door 11, which relay maybe interconnected witl'ithe circuit controller for the source of high potential energy for the electrode plates whereby closure of the circuit breaker will be rendered impossible while the door H is in the opened condition. When the door is opened, the attendant may reach into the casing and remove the defective sheath unit by sliding the same lengthwise from the casing. It is to be undernated air results in the formation of certain acids stood, of course, that the spacer members 52 and; 53 should first be removed from the .opposite sides of the particular sheath unit whereafter it may then readily be taken out for repair or,

closed for placing the unit again into service.

It will readily be understood by those skilled in the art all metal parts contacted by the ozonated air shouldbe of some suitable ozone resistant metal, such as stainless steel. The elec-v trode plates 20 and 2| may be made of aluminum which, while not entirely resistant to ozone, is preferred because of its good heat conduction properties. In view of the fact the dielectricsheaths are in close contact with the surfaces of the electrode plates, no appreciable corona will be formed on the surfaces of the electrode plates. The formation of corona will take place substan-, tially entirely between the outer surfaces'of adjacent sheaths.

Air to be ozonated should be substantially free of moisture, it being well known by thosetskilled in the art that the presence of moisture in ozoof an extremely corrosive nature. Any suitable means may be provided for drying the air to be ozonated but such means forms no part of the present invention.

It is contemplated that for the generation of ozone in large quantities for the treatment ofv water supply or sewage that a number of generator units :be connected for parallel operation. Automatic control means may be provided for such a battery of ozone generators whereby the number of units connected in operation may be varied in accordance with the requirements for ozonated air. For operation with three-phase energy the same number of units may be connected in each leg to maintain balanced voltage conditions. Furthermore, for maintenance pur-. poses any one of the plurality of relatively. smallunits may be temporarily disconnected from serv-- ice without requiring a shutdown of the complete battery installation. In the event of a, prolonged disconnection for any one unit, another unit may be connected in substitution of the unit which is shut down. Suitable valves are thus provided in the air inlets and outlets for each unit for facilitating maintenance operations.

Having described the invention in what is considered to be a preferred embodiment thereof, it is desired that it be understood that the specific details shown and described are merely illustrated and that the invention can be carried out in various modifications, all of which are intended to be included in the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim as my invention is:

- 1. An ozone generator comprising a casing having an air inlet and an air outlet, a pair of sets of electrodes mounted within said casing, means supporting corresponding electrode sets by oppositely disposed ends thereof, said electrodes be-- ing of relatively large surface area, the electrodes of one set being interposed in an overlapping relation with the electrodes of the other set, adjacent electrodes of the two sets being spaced uniformly apart, dielectric sheaths extending closely adjacent each of the electrodes of the two sets, said dielectric sheaths covering'the facing surfaces of each of said electrodes throughout the region of overlap with respect to the elec-- trodes of the opposite set, said sheaths each com prising a pairof sheets bonded together along onexlongitudinal edge adjacent the free end ofthe corresponding electrode, said sheets being. spaced freely apart from each other around the remaining edges whereby said sheaths are each slidably movable in transverse relation to the corresponding. electrode in a direction parallel to said onelongitudinal edge, and means includingsaidesheaths defining-air passages. between said electrodes.

l 2. An ozone generator comprising a casinghaw ingyian-air inlet'and an air outlet, apair of sets oft? electrodes mounted within said'casing, the electrodes of one set being interposedin an overlapping-relation with the electrodes of the otherset; adjacent electrodes of the two sets being spaced uniformly apart, dielectric sheathsextending-closely adjacent each of the electrodes ofthetwo sets, saidsheaths. each comprising a pair-of sheets bonded'together alongone-longitudinal edge adjacent the free end of the corresponding electrode, said sheets being spaced free- 1y apart from each other around the remaining edges whereby said sheaths are each slidably movable-in transverse relation to the corresponding: electrode in a direction parallel to said'one longitudinal edge, said dielectric sheathscovering the .suriaceareas of each of said electrodes throughout the region of overlap-with respect to the electrodes of the opposite set, means includingsaid sheaths defining air passages between said. electrodes and spaced therefrom, a bafiie plateextending transversely of said casing be-' tween said air inlet and said passages, said baflle plate being provided. with openings in alignment with said passages whereby air supplied through said inlet under pressure is diffused with substantially uniform distribution through said.pas-. sages ,upon flow through saidopenings.

.3. An ozone generatorapparatuscomprisinga casing having anair inlet and an air :outlet, a pair; of sets ofelectrodeplates mountedwithin saidtcasing, said electrode plates: being of. relatively large surface area, theelectrodesof one set-being interposed in an overlapping relation with the electrodes. of the other-set, adjacent electr'odesof the two sets being spaced uniform- 1y apart in aparallel relation, dielectric sheaths each comprising a pair of sheets bondeditogether along. one longitudinalv edge adjacent the;free end of the corresponding electrode, saidpair of sheets being spaced freely apart from'each other around. their remaining edges whereby said.

sheaths are each slidably movable in transverse relation to the corresponding plate in a direction. parallel to said one longitudinal edge, said dielectric sheaths covering the surface areas of each, of said electrodes throughout the region of overlap with respect to the electrodes of the; op posite set, a doorin one side of said casing, means supporting said sheaths within said casing for slidable movement through saiddoor.

t.- An ozone generator comprising a casinghaw ing an air inlet and an air outlet, a pair of sets of electrode plates mounted within said casing, said electrode plates being of relatively large surface area, the electrode plates of each set being supported adjacent opposite. ends, the-free ends of said electrode plates extending toward each. other in an interposed and overlapping-relation with the electrode plates of the otherset, adjacent electrode plates of the two sets being spaced uniformly apart in aparallel relation, dielectric sheaths covering the surface areas of each of said electrode plates throughout-the ,regionof;

ifi

overlap with respect to the electrode plates of the. opposite set, said sheaths each comprising a.

pair of sheets bonded together along one edge parallel with the free-end of the electrode in-x closedthereby, said :pair of sheets being spaced freely. apart from each other around-their remaining edges whereby said sheaths are each slidably movable in transverse relation to. the

corresponding plate in a direction parallel to said one longitudinal edge, means. supporting;

said sheaths for .slidable. movement in thedirec tion transversely of said electrode plates. 5. An ozone generator apparatus comprising. a

casing having an air inlet and an air outlet, a.

pair of sets of rectangular electrode plates mounted within said case, said plates being of. relatively large surface area, the plates of each set being supported at one end and the plates of oppositesets being supported at. opposite ends, said: plates extending toward eachother in an interposed and overlapping parallel rela'tionwith" the electrode plates of'theother set, said plates being spaced uniformly apart, dielectric sheaths covering the facingsurface areas of each of said electrode plates throughout the region of over= lap of the respective plates, said sheaths comprising a pair of sheets bonded together adjacent one edge parallel with the free end of the corresponding inclosed plate, said pair of sheets being spaced freely apart from each other around'theirv remaining edges whereby said sheaths'are each slidably Y movable in transverse relation to the; corresponding plate in a direction parallel to said one longitudinal edge, said sheaths extending.

eyond'the opposite sides of the corresponding electrode plate, spacer members positioned between adjacent-sheaths along the opposite ends thereof and in firm engagement therewith where by the sheets of said sheaths are heldin close engagement with the respective surfaces of said plates, said spacers and adjacent sheaths defin-.

ing air passages between adjacent electrode plates,

said passages communicating between said inlet and said outlet.

-6. Anozonegenerator apparatus comprising a casing, a pair of spaced apart parallel transe verse walls within said casing" dividing the in:

terior thereof into three compartments, the con-J tral one being an ozone generating compartment, and cooling compartments'on each ofthe opposite sides of said ozone generating compartment, having 'anair inlet and an air outlet, a pairof sets of electrode .plates mounted within said case ing, the .electrodeplates of each set being supouter end portions of saidelectrode plates of one set extending through one of saidwalls and into the adjacent cooling compartment, the outer:end-

portions of said electrode plates of the'other one of said pair of sets extending through the other one of said transverse walls and into the adjacent" cooling compartment, and meansfor circulating coolingmedium through, said cooling compartments.

'7. An ozone generator apparatus comprising a, casing having an air inlet and an air out1et,.a; pair of sets of electrode plates mounted within; said casin the electrode plates being of -rela-; tively large surface area, a pair of spaced:i}; a ,1 't

parallel transverse walls extending across the interior of said casing, said air inlet and air outlet communicating with the space between said transverse walls, one of said electrode sets being Wholly supported by a corresponding one of said walls, at least one of said walls being of menlating material, means for connecting the electrode set supported in said insulating wall to a source of high potential, the electrodes of said two sets extending toward each other between pair of sets of electrode plates mounted within said walls in an interposed and overlapping relation with respect to the electrodes of the other set, dielectric sheaths extending wholly between said walls and closely adjacent each of said electrodes of said two sets, said dielectric sheaths covering the surface areas of each of said electrodes throughout the region of overlap of the respective electrodes between said two walls.

8. An ozone generator apparatus comprising a casing having an air inlet and air outlet, a pair of sets of electrode plates mounted within said casing, a pair of parallel transverse walls extending across the interior of said casing, said air inlet and said air outlet communicating with the space between said transverse walls, one of said electrode sets being supported wholly by a corresponding one of said walls, at least one of said walls supporting one of said electrode sets in an electrically insulated relation with respect to said casing and the other electrode set, means 9' for connecting said insulated electrode set to a source of high potential, the portions of said electrodes extending between said Walls being interposed in an overlapping relation, dielectric sheaths extending wholly within the space between said wal s and closely adjacent each of said electrode plates, said dielectric sheaths covering the surface areas of each of said plates throughout the region of overlap with respect to adjacent electrode plates, each of said sheaths comprising a pair of sheets bonded together along one edge parallel with the free edge of the enclosed electrode plate, said sheaths being slidably supported by said walls for movement transversely of said electrode plates.

9. An ozone generator apparatus comprising a casing having an air inlet and an air outlet, a pair of sets of electrode plates mounted within said casing, a pair of paral el spaced apart transverse walls extending across the interior of said casing, said air inlet and said air outlet communicating with the space between said transverse walls. one of said electrode sets being wholly supported by a corresponding one of said walls, said electrode plates extending through the corresponding one of said walls, said electrode plates extending toward each other between said walls in a parallel spaced apart overlapping relation,

' at least one of said walls supporting the corresponding electrode set in an electrically insulated relation with respect to said casing and the other of said electrode sets, means for connecting said insulated electrode set to a source of high potential, dielectric sheaths extending wholly between said transverse walls and covering the surface areas of each of said electrode plates throughout the region of overlap between said walls. spacer means between adjacent dielectric sheaths defining in part air passages between adjacent sheaths and communicating between sa d inlet and said outlet.

10. An ozone generator apparatus comprising a casing having an air inlet and an air outlet, a,

said casing, the electrode plates being of relatively large surface area, a pair of parallel spaced apart transverse walls extending across the interior of said casing and dividing the interior of said casing into an intermediate ozone generating compartment and opposite end compartments, said inlet and said outlet communicating with said intermediate compartment, one of said electrode sets being wholly supported by a corresponding one of said walls, the electrode plates extending in a fluid tight relation through said walls, the electrode portions between said walls extending toward each other in an interposed overlapping relation with regard to the plates of the other set, at least one of said transverse walls being of insulating material, means for connecting the electrode set mounted in said insulating wall to a source of high potential, the outer end portions of both of said pairs of electrode sets extending into the corresponding one of said end compartments, means for circulating a cooling medium through said end compartments, means defining air passages between said electrode plates extending transversely of said plates through said ozone generating compartment, a bafile plate extending across the end of said intermediate compartment between said passages and said air inlet, and said bafiie plate being provided with openings communicating with said passages.

11. An ozone generating apparatus comprising a casing having an air inlet and an air outlet, a pair of sets of electrode plates mounted within said casing, a pair of parallel spaced apart transverse walls extending across the interior of said casing and dividing the interior of said easing into an intermediate ozone generating compartment and two opposite end compartments, one of said electrode sets being wholly supported by a corresponding one of said walls, said electrode sets extending in a fluid tight relation through the corresponding one of said walls, said walls consisting of a cast, electrically insulating, plastic material with the electrode plates embedded therein, the portions of said electrodes extending toward each other between said Walls being interposed in an overlapping re ation, dielectric sheaths extending wholly within said ozone generating compartment between said pair of walls and inclosing the portions of said electrodes extending between said walls, said sheaths defining air passages between said electrodes communicating with said inlet and said outlet.

JAMES MARLOWE DAILY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name v Date 512,265 Andreoli Jan. 9, 1894 607,007 Andreoli July 12, 1898 614,500 Ramage Nov. 22, 1898 921,903 Smith May 18, 1909 955,818 Lohman Apr. 19, 1910 1,050,260 Walden Jan, 14, 1913 1218,81? Tennant Mar. 13, 1917 1,316,342 Walden Sept. 16, 1919 1,743,202 Forrest Jan. 14, 1930 2,128,455 Darling Aug. 30, 1938 2,403,241 Schaefer July 2, 1946 

